[转载]DBA 常用 SQL 语句

查看表空间的名称及大小:

SQL>select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size

from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name group by t.tablespace_name;

查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小:

SQL>select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space from dba_data_files order by tablespace_name;

查看回滚段名称及大小:

SQL>select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status,

(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent,

max_extents, v.curext CurExtent From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v

Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+) order by segment_name;

如何查看某个回滚段里面，跑的什么事物或者正在执行什么sql语句:

SQL>select d.sql_text,a.name
from v$rollname a,v$transaction b,v$session c,v$sqltext d
where a.usn=b.xidusn and b.addr=c.taddr and c.sql_address=
d.address and c.sql_hash_value="/oblog4/d.hash_value"
and a.usn=1;

(备注：你要看哪个，就把usn=?写成几就行了)

查看控制文件:

SQL>select * from v$controlfile;

查看日志文件:

SQL> col member format a50

SQL>select * from v$logfile;

如何查看当前SQL*PLUS用户的sid和serial#:

SQL>select sid, serial#, status from v$session where audsid=userenv('sessionid');

如何查看当前数据库的字符集: 

SQL>select userenv('language') from dual;

SQL>select userenv('lang') from dual;

怎么判断当前正在使用何种SQL优化方式:

用explain plan产生EXPLAIN PLAN，检查PLAN_TABLE中ID=0的POSITION列的值。

SQL>select decode(nvl(position,-1),-1,'RBO',1,'CBO') from plan_table where id=0;

如何查看系统当前最新的SCN号：

SQL>select max(ktuxescnw * power(2,32) + ktuxescnb) from x$ktuxe;

在ORACLE中查找TRACE文件的脚本:

SQL>select u_dump.value || '/' || instance.value || '_ora_' ||

v$process.spid || nvl2(v$process.traceid,  '_' || v$process.traceid, null ) || '.trc'"Trace File" from v$parameter u_dump cross join v$parameter instance cross join v$process join v$session on v$process.addr = v$session.paddr where u_dump.name = 'user_dump_dest' and

instance.name = 'instance_name' and v$session.audsid=sys_context('userenv','sessionid');

SQL>select d.value || '/ora_' || p.spid || '.trc' trace_file_name
from (select p.spid from sys.v_$mystat m,sys.v_$session s,
sys.v_$process p where m.statistic# = 1 and
s.sid = m.sid and p.addr = s.paddr) p,(select value from sys.v_$parameter where name ='user_dump_dest') d;

如何查看客户端登陆的IP地址:

SQL>select sys_context('userenv','ip_address') from dual;

如何在生产数据库中创建一个追踪客户端IP地址的触发器：

SQL>create or replace trigger on_logon_trigger

after logon on database

begin

  dbms_application_info.set_client_info(sys_context('userenv', 'ip_address'));

end;

查询当前日期:

SQL> select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd,hh24:mi:ss') from dual;

查看所有表空间对应的数据文件名：

SQL>select distinct file_name,tablespace_name,AUTOEXTENSIBLE from dba_data_files;

查看表空间的使用情况:

SQL>select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name

from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name;

SQL>SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,

(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"

FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C

WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME;

SQL>column tablespace_name format a18;
SQL>column Sum_M format a12;
SQL>column Used_M format a12;
SQL>column Free_M format a12;
column pto_M format 9.99;
SQL>select s.tablespace_name,ceil(sum(s.bytes/1024/1024))||'M' Sum_M,ceil(sum(s.UsedSpace/1024/1024))||'M' Used_M,ceil(sum(s.FreeSpace/1024/1024))||'M' Free_M, sum(s.UsedSpace)/sum(s.bytes) PTUSED

from (select b.file_id,b.tablespace_name,b.bytes,
(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))) UsedSpace,
sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)) FreeSpace,(sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)) * 100 FreePercentRatio from sys.dba_free_space a,sys.dba_data_files b
where a.file_id(+)=b.file_id group by b.file_id,b.tablespace_name,b.bytes
order by b.tablespace_name) s group by s.tablespace_name order by sum(s.FreeSpace)/sum(s.bytes) desc;

查看数据文件的hwm（可以resize的最小空间）和文件头大小:

SQL>SELECT v1.file_name,v1.file_id,
num1 totle_space,
num3 free_space,
num1-num3 "USED_SPACE(HWM)",
nvl(num2,0) data_space,
num1-num3-nvl(num2,0) file_head
FROM
(SELECT file_name,file_id,SUM(bytes) num1 FROM Dba_Data_Files GROUP BY file_name,file_id) v1,
(SELECT file_id,SUM(bytes) num2 FROM dba_extents GROUP BY file_id) v2,
(SELECT file_id,SUM(BYTES) num3 FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY file_id) v3
WHERE v1.file_id=v2.file_id(+)
AND v1.file_id=v3.file_id(+);

查看数据文件大小及头大小:

SQL>SELECT v1.file_name,v1.file_id,
num1 totle_space,
num3 free_space,
num1-num3 Used_space,
nvl(num2,0) data_space,
num1-num3-nvl(num2,0) file_head
FROM
(SELECT file_name,file_id,SUM(bytes) num1 FROM Dba_Data_Files GROUP BY file_name,file_id) v1,
(SELECT file_id,SUM(bytes) num2 FROM dba_extents GROUP BY file_id) v2,
(SELECT file_id,SUM(BYTES) num3 FROM DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY file_id) v3
WHERE v1.file_id=v2.file_id(+)
AND v1.file_id=v3.file_id(+);

(运行以上查询，我们可以如下信息：
Totle_pace:该数据文件的总大小，字节为单位
Free_space:该数据文件的剩于大小，字节为单位
Used_space:该数据文件的已用空间，字节为单位
Data_space:该数据文件中段数据占用空间，也就是数据空间，字节为单位
File_Head:该数据文件头部占用空间，字节为单位)

数据库各个表空间增长情况的检查：

SQL>select A.tablespace_name,(1-(A.total)/B.total)*100 used_percent

From (select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) total from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name) A,(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) total  from dba_data_files group by tablespace_name) B where A.tablespace_name=B.tablespace_name;

SQL>SELECT UPPER(F.TABLESPACE_NAME) "表空间名",
D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB "表空间大小(M)",
       D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES "已使用空间(M)", TO_CHAR(ROUND((D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB - F.TOTAL_BYTES) / D.TOT_GROOTTE_MB * 100, 2), '990.99') "使用比", F.TOTAL_BYTES "空闲空间(M)",
       F.MAX_BYTES "最大块(M)"  FROM (SELECT TABLESPACE_NAME,
ROUND(SUM(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOTAL_BYTES,
ROUND(MAX(BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) MAX_BYTES
FROM SYS.DBA_FREE_SPACE GROUP BY TABLESPACE_NAME) F,
       (SELECT DD.TABLESPACE_NAME,ROUND(SUM(DD.BYTES) / (1024 * 1024), 2) TOT_GROOTTE_MB FROM SYS.DBA_DATA_FILES DD
 GROUP BY DD.TABLESPACE_NAME) D WHERE D.TABLESPACE_NAME = F.TABLESPACE_NAME

ORDER BY 4 DESC;

查看各个表空间占用磁盘情况: 
SQL>col tablespace_name format a20;
SQL>select  b.file_id  file_ID,
b.tablespace_name  tablespace_name,
b.bytes  Bytes,
(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))  used,
 sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))  free,
 sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100 Percent
     from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b 
     where a.file_id=b.file_id 
     group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_id,b.bytes 
     order by b.file_id;

数据库对象下一扩展与表空间的free扩展值的检查：

SQL>select a.table_name, a.next_extent, a.tablespace_name

from all_tables a,(select tablespace_name, max(bytes) as big_chunk

from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name ) f where f.tablespace_name = a.tablespace_name and a.next_extent > f.big_chunk

union select a.index_name, a.next_extent, a.tablespace_name

from all_indexes a,(select tablespace_name, max(bytes) as big_chunk

from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name ) f where f.tablespace_name = a.tablespace_name and a.next_extent > f.big_chunk;

Disk Read最高的SQL语句的获取：

SQL>select sql_text from (select * from v$sqlarea order by disk_reads)

where rownum<=5;

查找前十条性能差的sql:

SQL>SELECT * FROM  (SELECT PARSING_USER_ID
 EXECUTIONS,SORTS,COMMAND_TYPE,DISK_READS,
sql_text FROM  v$sqlarea ORDER BY disk_reads DESC) 
 WHERE ROWNUM<10 ;

等待时间最多的5个系统等待事件的获取：

SQL>select * from (select * from v$system_event where event not like 'SQL%' order by total_waits desc) where rownum<=5;

查看当前等待事件的会话:

SQL>col username format a10

SQL>set line 120

SQL>col EVENT format a30

SQL>select SE.Sid,s.Username,SE.Event,se.Total_Waits,SE.Time_Waited,SE.Average_Wait

from v$session S,v$session_event SE where S.Username is not null and SE.Sid=S.Sid

and S.Status='ACTIVE' and SE.Event not like '%SQL*Net%';

SQL>select sid, event, p1, p2, p3, wait_time, seconds_in_wait, state from v$session_wait where event not like '%message%' and event not like 'SQL*Net%' and event not like '%timer%' and event != 'wakeup time manager';