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Geordie (/dʒɔ:di:/) generally refers to a person from the Tyneside region in northeast England,^[1] in particular the city of Newcastle and the adjacent areas, or to the dialect of English spoken by these people.

Background

When referring to the people, as opposed to the dialect, a definition of a Geordie is "someone born or brought up around the River Tyne communities",^{[citation needed]} so this means North Tyneside (Wallsend, North Shields, Whitley Bay) (Walker), South Tyneside (Jarrow, Hebburn, South Shields, Boldon), Gateshead, Newcastle, etc. akin to the way a Cockney is defined as "someone born within hearing distance of the Bow bells." As the Cockney definition has been taken to mean within three miles of the church of St Mary-le-Bow on Cheapside,^{[citation needed]} the Geordie definition, by some, has been taken to mean only Tyneside.^{[citation needed]} Another interpretation includes former areas of County Durham and Northumberland, including Ryton, Washington, etc.^{[citation needed]} It must be noted that this particular definition of around the Tyne communities was not always the case, as Geordie has been documented for at least 180 years as meaning the whole of the North East of England.^{[citation needed]}

Some like to define "Geordie" as the traditional documented way: hence as the people and the dialect of the whole of the north-east of England from Berwick to Teesside.

In recent times "Geordie," through Sky TV, and modern media, has sometimes been used to refer to a supporter of Newcastle United football club.^[2]

Until the late 1980s, early 1990's, people from Sunderland were included under the Geordie banner;^{[citation needed]} however, the evolution of the term Mackem originating in the shipyards as an insult from the Tyne to Wear,^{[citation needed]} and to a lesser extent the football-based rivalry between Newcastle and Sunderland^{[citation needed]} has seen the latter slightly less frequently included under the same definition.^{[citation needed]} So hence some residents of Sunderland have differentiated.^{[citation needed]} It is interesting to note that this rivalry of Tyne and Wear has had one past clash beyond football, since Newcastle and Sunderland briefly opposed each other during the English Civil War, going against the traditional post 1600s historical harmony between the communities in the North East of England.^{[citation needed]}

Other Northern English dialects include:

• Pitmatic (spoken in many Durham and Northumberland mining communities)
• Cumbrian dialect
• Yorkshire and Lancashire dialect both vary across of the counties, and merge with each other in the border areas.
• Scouse (spoken in Merseyside)
• Mackem (spoken in Sunderland and to some degee across Wearside)
• Potteries (spoken in Stoke On Trent)
• Northumbrian (spoken in Northumberland, similar to Geordie)

Derivation of the term

A number of rival theories explain how the term came about, though all accept that it derives from a familiar diminutive form of the name "George,"^[3] with George (called Geordie, but written George) once being the most popular eldest son's name in families in the north east of England.^{[citation needed]}

One explanation is that it was established during the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745. The Jacobites declared that the natives of Newcastle were staunch supporters of the Hanoverian kings, in particular of George II during the 1745 rebellion. This contrasted with rural Northumbria, which largely supported the Jacobite cause. If true, the term may have derived from a popular anti-Hanoverian song ("Cam ye ower frae France?"^[4]), which calls the first Hanoverian king "Geordie Whelps", meaning "George the Guelph".

Another explanation for the name is that local miners in the north east of England used "Geordie" safety lamps, designed by George Stephenson in 1815, rather than the "Davy lamps" designed by Humphry Davy which were used in other mining communities.^{[citation needed]}

Newcastle publisher Frank Graham's Geordie Dictionary states:

"The origin of the word Geordie has been a matter of much discussion and controversy. All the explanations are fanciful and not a single piece of genuine evidence has ever been produced."^{[citation needed]}

In Graham's many years of research, the earliest record he has found of the terms use was in 1823 by local comedian, Billy Purvis. Purvis had set up a booth at the Newcastle Races on the Town Moor. In an angry tirade against a rival showman, who had hired a young pitman called Tom Johnson to dress as a clown, Billy cried out to the clown:

"Ah man, wee but a feul wad hae sold off his furnitor and left his wife. Noo, yor a fair doon reet feul, not an artificial feul like Billy Purvis! Thous a real Geordie! gan man an hide thysel! gan an' get thy picks agyen. Thou may de for the city, but never for the west end o' wor toon."^{[citation needed]}

(Rough translation: "Oh man, who but a fool would have sold off his furniture and left his wife? Now, you're a fair downright fool, not an artificial fool like Billy Purvis! You're a real Geordie! Go, man, and hide yourself! Go and get your pick (axes) again. You may do for the city, but never for the west end of our town!")

(/ a: mæn wi: but ə feəl wəd he sold ɒf hiz fɜnətʃə ænd lɛft hiz waɪf. nu: jɔrə feɪ: du:n ri:t feəl nɒtən a:təfɪʃəl feəl laɪk bɪli: pɜvəs. ðoʊzə ri:l dʒɔdi: gænən haɪd ðəsəl gænən gɛt ðaɪ pɪks əgʲɛn. ðoʊ meɪ di: fə ðə sɪti: but nɪvə fə ðə wɛst ɛnd ʌwɔ: tu:n/)

Geographical coverage

Although the dialect of North East of England is through tradition often referred to as Geordie the term "Geordie" is, to some, incorrectly used to cover all the peoples of the region, though this usage is sometimes confined to people from other parts of the United Kingdom, and sometimes can be considered a slightly incorrect by some North-Easterners who may not come from Tyneside and the surrounding areas.^{[citation needed]}

People from Sunderland have been termed Mackems over the past 15years^{[citation needed]}. They used to call themselves Geordies (singing 'Geordies' at their 1973 cup final), some still do feeling strongly others have hijacked the name;

A more specific, but slang, term for people from Hartlepool is Monkey hangers^{[citation needed]}, whilst natives of the Teesside conurbation have recently been referred to as 'Smoggies', in reference to the smog which transcends from the heavy industry that populates much of Teesside and, in particular, Middlesbrough. ^{[citation needed]}.

Also, people from South Shields, on the Tyne, are called Sandancers. by some, though this has nothing to do with their accent as they are Geordies. If you look at history, the people -in the main- from South Tyneside are descendants from people from the metropolitan Gateshead and Newcastle (A respectful note must go out to the immigrants from Scotland and Ireland), people who at around the beginning of the industrial revolution about 1850s and 1860s all the way up to the early 20th century moved up river to work in ship yards and coal mines. They are often described as having a stronger Geordie accent than their cousins from North Shields, Wallsend, Gateshead, Newcastle et al. The term Sandancer comes from the 1930s, when some Arab immigrants moved to South Shields and could not find work. So hence in order to pay their way and get digs, through poverty, legend had it they'd 'sand dance' in the sand dunes on South Shields beach for money^{[citation needed]}. People outside South Shields noticed this and jumped to label and thought it was a kind of racist freak show slavery.^{[citation needed]} So hence the South Shields populace got the name 'Sanddancers.' However over time when people forgot about the slanderous racist connotations of the term, the term become endearing to the populace.^{[citation needed]}

Some people from the countryside in between these urban areas are by some referred to as 'pit yacks' ^{[citation needed]} Northumberland around the Ashington and Cramlington area), again though this has nothing to do with their accent as in the main they are Geordie.^{[citation needed]}

Geordie dialect

Geordie arguably derives much less influence from Old French and Latin than does Standard English, being substantially Angle tribe and Danish Viking in origin.^{[citation needed]} The accent and pronunciation, as in Lowland Scots known as "Inglis", reflect more clearly old Angle pronunciations, accents and usages.^{[citation needed]} There are also some pre-Anglo Saxon Brythonic influences as well.^{[citation needed]} For example, Geordies are more likely to say "mam" (/mæm/) than the usual English "mum" (/mʌm/) or the more Gaelic "ma".^{[citation needed]}

'Geordie' is widely perceived as one of the most distinctive (and, by outsiders, incomprehensible) of English accents.^{[citation needed]} Citizens of Newcastle and the surrounding area have been accused of exaggerating their distinctive dialect for comic effect, or to bamboozle non-Geordies.^{[citation needed]}

Pronunciation of personal pronouns differs markedly from Standard English: Geordies use "yous" (IPA: [juz]) for plural "you", "me" (/mi/) for "my", "uz" (/ʌz/) for "me", "wor" (/wɔ:/) when emphasised) "our", which probably comes from the Scandinavian word "vår" /ʋɔr/meaning "our".^{[citation needed]} The word "wor" is sometimes placed before the given name of the person being the subject of conversation to denote that they are a family member, for example "wor Allan" or "wor da" (father). It is also quite common for Geordies to use the word "man" for both men and women (which probably derives from the Angle word "man" meaning "person"),^{[citation needed]} as in "howay man" (meaning "come on you"), or even "howay man woman"! Another common variant is the phrase "How man woman man!" (which is used to either get someone's attention or, more commonly, express exasperation at the subject).^{[citation needed]}

Vowel sounds are also quite unusual.

• "er" on the end of words becomes "a" (/æ/) ("father" is pronounced "fatha", both "a" sounds as in "hat").
• Many "a" sounds become more like "e" (/ɛ/): "hev" (/hɛv/) for "have" and "thet" for "that".
• Double vowels are often pronounced separately as diphthongs: "boat" becomes (/buət/) and "bait" becomes (/biʲət/).
• Some words acquire extra vowels e.g "growel" (/groʊʷɛl/) for "growl", "cannet" (/kænɛt/) for "can't"). This property of the dialect has led Geordie to be known for putting as many vowels as possible into a word.
• The "or" sound in words like "talk" becomes "aa" (/a:/ or /æ:/) hence "walk" becomes "waak" (/wa:k/ or /wæ:k/).
• "er" sounds in words like "work" becomes "or" (/wɔ:k/).
• The "ow" in words like "down" or "town" becomes "oo" (/u:/), hence "the Toon" meaning 'the town' (Newcastle). In Sunderland, the "oo" in words like "cook", "book" or "look" becomes "uu" (/ʏ/), although this accent has come to be known as Mackem, not Geordie.^{[citation needed]} This does, however, apply to some extent on some Geordie accents,^{[citation needed]} with the exception of the word "look".^{[citation needed]} A common phrase to illustrate this when discussing their accent with non-Geordies is "Captain Hook's cook book".^{[citation needed]}

A Geordie joke that illustrates some of the above goes as follows:

Doctor to Geordie in wheelchair : You've made good progress and now it's time to try to walk (/wɔk/) again.

Geordie : Work (/wɔk/)? Why man, Aa cannet even waak (/wa:k/)!

The TV personality Phill Jupitus once told a Geordie joke demonstrating the dialect on an edition of QI ^{[citation needed]} about General Custer giving a speech to his troops before the Battle of the Little Big Horn. General Custer says "They've got war drums", at which point a young Geordie says "thieving bastards". He believes the enemy to have stolen their drums, because "war" sounds like "wor" the Geordie expression for "our".

Another joke is that of a ship coming in to port: Geordie :"waats the name of your ship?" Man in boat : "Anna!" Geordie : "A na ye na, but I divna." Geordies pronounce "I know" in the same way as "Anna" would be said if using received pronunciation.

A slightly more obscure set of jokes revolve around the accent of the people of Ashington, with the two most popular being about a barber's shop.

Man: "I'd like a perm please" Barber: "I wandered lonely as a cloud..." (the opening line to a Wordsworth poem of the same name)

This is perhaps easier to understand when viewed with the next joke:

Man: "I'd like it curled please" The barber opens the window (hence making the room cold)

These two jokes illustrate how speakers of the Ashington variation of the Geordie dialect shapes some of their vowel sounds,^{[citation needed]} but are completely incomprehensible to those outside of the region.^{[citation needed]}

Vocabulary

Geordie also has a large amount of vocabulary not heard elsewhere in England,^{[citation needed]} though some are shared with (or similar to) Scots.^{[citation needed]} Words still in common use^{[citation needed]} today include:

• alreet (/'a:lri:t/ a variation on alright
• cannit 'can not'
• canny for "pleasant" (the Scottish use of canny is often somewhat less flattering), or to mean 'very'. Someone could therefore be 'canny canny'.
• geet for "very" , also *muckle (used more in Northumberland)
• hyem for "home"
• deek for "look at"
• kets for "sweets/treats"
• knaa for "to know/know"
• divint for "don't"
• bairn/grandbairn for "child/grandchild"
• hacky for "dirty"
• gan for "to go/go"
• hoy for "to throw"
• toon for "Town"
• nettie for "toilet"
• neb for "nose"
• clart for "mud" as in "there's clarts on yar boots"
• hadaway for "get away"
• hinny a term of endearment - "Honey"
• haad for "hold/ ie keep a hadd/ keep a hold/ had yer gob/ keep quiet"
• divvie for "stupid person"
• tab for "cigarette"
• chor "to steal"
• chiv for "knife"
• nowt for "nothing"

Howay or Haway is broadly comparable to the invocation "Come on!" or the French "Allez!" ("Go on!"). Examples of common use include Howay man! or Haway man!, meaning "come on" or "hurry up", Howay the lads! or Haway the lads! as a term of encouragement for a sports team for example, or Ho'way!? (with stress on the second syllable) expressing incredulity or disbelief. The literal opposite of this word is "Haddaway" (go away), which is not as popular as Howay, but has found frequent use in the phrase "Haddaway and shite".^{[citation needed]}

The word hyem for "home" is inherited from the Old Norse and "gan hyem" (go home) sounds almost identical to the Danish and Norwegian for go home (gå hjem). The word tab for "cigarette" is thought to derive either from Ogden's Tabs, a once-popular cigarette brand, or more simply as a diminutive of tobacco (which is derived from Spanish tobacco).^{[citation needed]}

Geordie commonly uses the word aye meaning "yes", (Middle English ai, from Old Norse ei) like most Scots and northern English dialects. By contrast, a Geordie might say na for an emphatic or dismissive "no". "A wudn't nah like" is also a popular phrase meaning "I don't know"; while a common term amongst Geordies in the Ryton and Blaydon area to denote disbelief is "pure well aye" or "well na", meaning that something is obvious. It is also used in the North Shields, Tynemouth, and Wallsend area.^{[citation needed]}

Much of the vocabulary contains elements inherited from Old English that have been lost in Standard English, as the north was comparatively less affected by the Norman conquest. Pronouncing Old English with a Geordie‐like accent, rather than the more commonly recommended German, results in a form more comprehensible to those with knowledge of the meaning of Geordie vocabulary. When a Geordie uses the word larn for teach, it is not a misuse of the English word "learn" as often thought; the word is derived from the Anglo Saxon word læran, meaning "to teach" (compare German lehren with identical meaning).^{[citation needed]}

In Standard English, where one would say "to be able", in Geordie, "te can" (from Old English "cunnan", "to know") is used in its place. Though "can" is used in Standard English, it does not appear there in infinitive form.^{[citation needed]}

It is said that the Roma influenced some of the Geordies' words eg. charva is an old word meaning child in Roma and has been used by Geordies to describe troublesome people for some time. Since the 1980s however charva has taken on a separate meaning of a distinct part of popular culture, and since the late 1990s the word chav, with the same etymology and definition as charva, has gained common usage nationally, particularly in the South-East. The Spanish word chaval, meaning young man, has the same root. Geordies, however, prenounce it "charv"

The word gadgie for man (usually a pensioner) is derived from the similar sounding Roma word for a non-Roma. The word for dog is jugal which, again, derives from the Roma word originally meaning jackal. There is a high percentage of people with Roma origins in the North East ^{[citation needed]}.

Newcastle hosts a large travelling fair, the "Hoppings", which has been held annually on the Town Moor every year for over a century. Although organised by, and attended by travelling showmen, there are a number of Roma at the main entrance to the fair.

The region also has seen Italian immigration, particularly in the 19th century. As a consequence, some slang words like netty, meaning a toilet or bathroom, have been linked to a corresponding Italian word, in this case cabinetti.

"Geordie" is also sometimes used to describe the distinctive dialect of the people of Northumbria.^{[citation needed]} However strictly speaking, South East Northumberland (the mining area bordering Tyneside) has its own similar, but distinctive dialect known as Pitmatic.^{[citation needed]}

Geordie in the media

In recent times, the Geordie dialect has featured prominently in the British media. Note however, that although the dialect appears, the dialect is toned down for comprehension of the general (non-Northumbrian) public. Television presenters such as Ant and Dec are now happy to use their natural dialect on air. Marcus Bentley, the commentator on the UK edition of Big Brother, is often perceived by southerners to have a Geordie dialect. However, he grew up in Stockton on Tees. Brendan Foster and Sid Waddell have both worked as television sports commentators. However, in general, the Geordie dialect still tends to be employed for comedy effect as opposed to serious usage.

The dialect was also popularised by the comic magazine Viz, where the dialect itself is often conveyed phonetically by unusual spellings within the comic strips. Viz magazine itself was founded on Tyneside by two local males, Chris Donald and his brother Simon.

The Steve Coogan-helmed BBC comedy I'm Alan Partridge featured a Geordie named Michael (Simon Greenall) as the primary supporting character and de facto best friend of the eponymous hero, despite Partridge's typically snobbish and patronising demeanour sinking to new lows when referring to Michael (at one point referring to him as 'just the Work Geordie').

Mike Neville and George House (aka Jarge Hoose), presenters of the BBC local news programme Look North, in the 1960s and 1970s, not only incorporated Geordie into the show, albeit usually in comedy pieces pointing up the gulf between ordinary Geordies and officials speaking Standard English,^{[citation needed]} but were responsible for a series of recordings, beginning with Larn Yersel' Geordie which attempted, not always seriously, to bring the Geordie dialect to the rest of England.^{[citation needed]}

The mastermind behind Larn Yersel' Geordie was local humourist Scott Dobson, who wrote several booklets on the theme in the early 1970s, including History o' the Geordies, Advanced Geordie Palaver, The Geordie Joke Book (with Dick Irwin) and The Little Broon Book.

The Jocks and the Geordies was a Dandy comic strip running from 1975 to the early 1990s.

Notes

1. ^ AskOxford.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
2. ^ http://football.guardian.co.uk/Match_Report/0,,2156856,00.html
3. ^ AskOxford.com. Retrieved on 2007-09-01.
4. ^ Recorded by the folk group Steeleye Span on their album Parcel of Rogues, 1973.

External links

• Northumbria Language Society - The Language
• Newcastle English (Geordie)
• Sounds Familiar? — Listen to examples of Geordie and other regional accents and dialects of the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
• Northumberland County Council - The Northumbrian Language
• Geordie slang dictionary
• Geordie Gabba Travellers
• The British Library's Myers Project, about North-East England
• Mawson Wareham - Newcastle record label (classical, folk, comedy etc, mainly by Northeastern performers)
• Whoohoo Geordie translator

原始出处：未知

　　一名中国留学生初到美国，在机场找厕所，问老外：「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产，洋护士问她：「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语，还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说……
　　至于性毛病，更是老中难于启齿、欲语还羞的尴尬。见到洋医生，窘迫万分，不知如何开口才是，真有「犹抱琵琶半遮面」的感受。
　　以下为一些「禁忌」（taboo）的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分，说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢！

厕所
　　在美国一般都叫 rest room 或 bath room（男女厕均可）或分别叫做 men's room 或 ladies' room（=powder room），不过在飞机上，则叫 lavatory，在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.（water closet）仍是过去英国人用的，在美国，几乎没有人使用。

解小便
　　最普通的说法是 to urinate（名词是 urination），如果去看病，护士为了化验小便，就会给你一个杯子说：「Will （could） you urinate in this cup?」医生或许也会问：「Do you have trouble urinating?」= Do you have difficulty voiding?（小便有困难吗？）
　　此外，还有其他的说法：to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如：
　　I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
　　How often do you get up at night to void?（晚上起床小便几次？）
　　此外，john（j 小写时，不是男人名字）是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思（也叫 outhouse），这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所（有时前面也加 portable 一字）。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如：
　　There are several （portable） johns in the construction site.（在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。）
　　He went to the john a few minutes ago.（他在几分钟前上了厕所。）
　　The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.（劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。）
　　不过，小孩多半用 to pee 。例如：
　　The boy needs to pee.
　　然而，「小便检查」又叫做 urine test，因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品（specimen）。 例如：
　　Do I need a urine test?
　　注意：to piss off 是片语，又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语，少用为妙。 例如：
　　He pissed me off. = He made me angry.
　　He always pisses off （at） the society.（对社会不满）
　　如果「小便」有毛病，也可以告诉医生说：
　　My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.（有浊尿，味道很重）
　　I have pus （或air）in urine.（尿有泡沫） （pus = cloudy; air = bubble）
　　I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.（小便后还会滴滴答答。）（即失禁毛病）
　　I am passing less urine than usual.（小便的量比平时少）
 
解大便
　　一般是用 to make（或 have）a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病，医生常问：「Do you have regular bowel movement?」（大便正常吗？）（说得斯文些，就是「大肠在转动」）
　　此外，还有其他的说法： to defecate = to discharge excrement（或 feces）=to take feces （或 faeces）。 例如：
　　The patient needs to take a shit. （= to make a bowel movement）
　　不过，小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如：
　　The boy had a stinky BM.（大便奇臭。）
　　但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam，因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如：
　　The doctor has to exam his stool.（医生要检查他的大便。）

放屁
　　在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make （或 pass）gas。 例如：
　　医生有时问：「How often do you expel（或 make 或 pass）gas?」（你放屁的次数很多吗？）
　　Is the gas expelled by belching?（是否打嗝后就会放屁呢？）（动词是 belch）
　　He said the more he ate, the more he farted.（吃的愈多，放屁也愈多。）
　　He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.（过去两天中，他放屁比平常多。）
　　Be careful not to fart in the public.（注意在公共场所不可放屁。）
　　至于消化不良，大便不通或拉肚子，也有不同的说法。 例如：
　　I have an upset stomach.（消化不良） = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion.
　　注意：Heartburn 是指胃不舒服，不是「心痛」（heartache）
　　Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.（胃不舒服有两星期了。）
　　He has（persistent）constipation.（或 irregularity）（他经常便秘。) 或
　　He has been unusually constipated.（便秘很反常。）或
　　He is having problem with irregularity.（或 constipation); 或 He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
　　He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.（他拉了一阵肚子。）
　　He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool（或 bowel movement）（大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。）

文/徐幼华 　　

　　这麻烦是10年前开始的，记得当年初抵美国，到学校去报到。进门后 老师问我叫什么名字?彼时还不懂几个英文，口不能言，只好拿出入学通 知书给他看。谁知道他疑疑惑惑看了半天不出声。见状我不由得心里发毛， 好不容易等到他抬起头来，见他鼓了几次嘴唇，欲言又止，我的心更慌了， 终于忍不住用仅会的几个英文结结巴巴地问：“什么?”
　　“你的名字叫做你?”(Your mame is you?)他困惑地问，我听了丈八 金刚摸不着头脑。
　　“你叫做幽哈苏?”
　　什么?!我简直愤怒!我叫徐幼华，英文倒装，姓氏放在后面，读幼华 徐。到了他的嘴里，竟成了“幽哈苏”?!
　　他大概也看出苗头不对，急忙很有礼貌地问我：“请问你的名字怎么念?”
　　“幼华徐”我用标准普通话教了他几遍，他仍是“幽哈，攸哈，苏?” 的，我只好放弃，叹息朽木不可雕。
　
　　然而，麻烦并未到此为止。以后不论我到哪里，凡要报上姓名，一遍 说下来，听的美国人十个有十个目瞪口呆。好奇的会叫你再教他(她)一遍， 怕麻烦的干脆就叫我“小姐你”(Miss You)，因为“幼”字的大陆汉语拼 音正好跟英文的“你”字的拼写相同，或者叫我XU这是我的“徐”字的拼 音。“华”字从来无人学得会，因为“华”字的拼音是HUA，英文中H不发 音，U和A同是元音，不能相拼。他们读不出来，干脆绕开。有次更可笑， 那年我在纽约曼哈顿一家老人疗养院工作，一天我正在病房里，忽听有人 从走廊那头走过来，一迭声地叫“陈，陈”，我心里纳闷，这层楼里除了 我没有一个亚洲人，她在叫谁呀?没想声音到了跟前停住了，“哈，原来 你在这里，怎不回答我?”抬头看，只见一个漂亮的黑人妇女站在面前， 我认得她是兴趣活动部的助手。她咧开结实莹白的牙齿对我笑，手里拿朵 粉红色的康乃馨，说：“来，来，今天是母亲节，每人一朵。过去时，现 在时，将来时的母亲，人人有份。”不由分说，就把花别在我的襟前。
　　“但是我不姓陈啊?”我以为她认错了人。 　　
　　“那你姓什么?” 　　
　　“我姓徐。”
　　“喔!”她愣了一下，“你们中国人不是都叫陈什么吗?”说完她哈哈 大笑。也不怪她，我们不也有这样的概念吗?韩国人一定是金什么，日本 人是什么子、第几郎，东欧人是什么什么斯基，南美洲来的不是荷西、玛 丽雅，就是弗南德斯。想到这里，自己也忍不住笑出来。

　　但自此以后，我决定为自己起一个英文名字，免得好好一个中文名字 平白被人糟蹋。
叫什么好呢?这世上大多数人都是父母取的名字，生下来名字就定了， 等到了知道自己喜好的年龄，那名字早被人叫了十几二十年，改不过来了。 今天我竟有机会给自己取名字，太好了。想想自己的名字，有几分真朴， 但想到这名字的由来，又有几分不服气。听父母说，当年他们新婚，父亲 雄心万丈，计划要生四个儿子、四个女儿。儿子排章字辈，四个分别为伟、 大、建、设。女儿排华字，婉、幼、薇、丁。男丁气势如虹，小女子则全 都弱不经风。十足的重男轻女。结果母亲有理有节，生了两男两女，自觉 已经可以交代，就此打住。于是在上的两个哥哥是炜樟、大章，气宇轩昂， 大块文章。姐姐排第三叫婉华，气势已急转直下，到得我出世，排到幼华， 可谓大势已去。幸亏母亲没有再生下去，否则如果又是女孩，如此“薇”、 “丁”地排下去，还有什么戏唱?这次既然有自决权，我一定要取一个自 己喜欢的名字。

　　字典一页一页地翻过去，突然一个名字跳入眼里，“凯特”，这个好! 记得以前喜欢过一个美国女作家的作品，她的名字就叫凯特，这名字很特 别，有几分阳刚气，我以为。于是当下就决定了。等到这名字用出去，才 知道这个名字非常普通，而且十足女性化。为了表示亲切，有人叫我凯茜， 有人叫我凯蒂。有个学究气的朋友叫我凯瑟琳。据她说，所有的凯什么， 最早都是源自凯瑟琳。凯瑟琳?这令人联想起文学名著《咆哮山庄》，我 从未喜欢过小说那种严峻阴冷的风格。不，不，我立即声明，不是凯瑟琳! 有日读《胡适口述自传》，做译注的唐德刚先生在附注里谈到，对外国文 化的一知半解，常会闹出许多笑话。他举著名英文作家赛珍珠为例，说她 自觉对中国文化了解颇深，她写的中国小说《大地》在西方也颇有名气， 但却为自己取了个风尘味十足的名字，为当时不少中国文人私下里窃笑。 这恐怕连她自己都未必知晓。读到这里，我忽然出了一身冷汗，我会不会 也犯这个错误?

　　几年以后结婚怀孕，要为孩子起名字。早早就得到朋友的警告，除了 写入出生证的英文名字外，一定要为孩子另起一个中文名字，因为国内的 老人念不来英文。朋友的儿子叫山姆森，当时没有经验，不曾为他起中文 名字，到他们回国探亲，竟被上海的太公太婆叫成“香芋笋”。我得要小 心，必须起一个不易误读的英文名字。另为保险起见，再起一个中文名字。 孩子生下来是女的，中文名字叫汉菁，英文名字叫DANA，译音成黛娜，蛮 漂亮的，国内的家人叫起来，也没出过什么意外。

　　 到怀第二个孩子时，超声波看出是女婴,我拟好了中文名字，叫汉云， 义谓汉唐飘过来的一缕云。英文名，这次先生大意了，到临盆前一周还没 想出来。有日看电视，见荧幕上打出一个名字LENNIE。先生问这个如何? 把名字念了两遍，觉得音韵不错，好吧，就定了。孩子生下来，在医院里 要填出生证了，想想LENNIE的中文译音读“莲妮”，不错嘛，就原珠笔一 挥，填了上去。待到孩子抱回家来，美国邻居，友人先后到贺，问过名字 后，抱起婴儿，竟都不约而同地说：“好一个胖小子。”我们连忙更正， 不是啦，这是个女孩。他们都一脸错谔：“LENNIE不是男孩的名字吧?” 这还不是最糟的，女儿到了我父亲手里，他左看右看，自问自答：“阿女 呀，你怎么这么胖啊?你叫什么名字?莲妮?唉呀，什么不好叫，要叫烂泥， 还要姓朱，哎呀呀!”

　　 开头的几个月真是懊恼不已，先生倒大而化之，说不怕啦，我们医院 有个中国医生姓何，汉语拼音“何”字写作HE，这在英文里正好是“他” 的意思，遇到有人找，总机小姐便开了广播，满医院叫“医生他”。香港 人姓吴的很多，“吴”字在香港的译法是NG，两个字母在英文里都是辅音， 不发音。美国看见傻了眼，念不出声，干脆把它们当成缩写，叫他们MR· NO GOOD((不好先生)。我也想起有次同一位美国友人聊天，他说喜欢音乐， 他最推崇的一个音乐家是我们中国人，名字叫做“幽幽骂”，说我一定知 道。我瞪大眼珠子噎在那里，心想谁家父母给儿子取这么个名字?再问是 玩什么乐器的，答说是大提琴，我才醒悟到这个“幽幽骂”是著名的华裔 大提琴家马友友，天啊!

　　 广东人常说“不怕入错行，最怕起错名”。但是多少父母费尽心机起 的好名字，到了国外，译成另一种语言，却难保不变成一个啼笑皆非的笑话。

Absolutely！—— 绝对正确！
Adorable! —— 可爱极了！
Amazing! —— 太神了！
Anytime! —— 随时吩咐！
Almost! —— 差不多了！
Awful! —— 好可怕呀！

After you. —— 您先。
About when? —— 大约何时？
All set? —— 一切妥当？
Allow me! —— 让我来！

Baloney! —— 胡扯！荒谬！
Behave! —— 放尊重点！
Bingo! —— 中了！
Boring! —— 真无聊！
Bravo! —— 太棒了！
Bullshit! —— 胡说！

Cheers! —— 干杯！
Congratulations! —— 恭喜啊！
Correct! —— 对的！
Crazy! —— 疯了！

Damn! —— 该死的！
Deal! —— 一言为定！
Definitely! —— 当然！
Disgusting! —— 好恶心呀！
Drat! —— 讨厌！

Encore! —— 再来一次！
Exactly! —— 完全正确！

Fantastic! —— 妙极了！
Farewell! —— 再见啦！
Fifty-fifty! —— 对半分！
Foul! —— 犯规了！
Fresh! —— 好有型！帅！

Gesundheit! —— 保重！(特别用于对打喷嚏的人说)
Gone! —— 跑了！
Gorgeous! —— 美极了！
Great! —— 太好了！

Hey! —— 嘿！
Hopefully! —— 希望如此！有希望的话...
Horrible! —— 好可怕！
Hot! —— 好辣！
Hurray!/Hurrah! —— 万岁！
Hush! —— (肃静)嘘！
Hurry! —— 快点！

Incredible! —— 不可思议！
Indeed? —— 真的？ Jesus! —— 天啊！

Liar! —— 你撒谎！
Listen! —— 听着！ Lousy! —— 差劲！

Marverllous! —— 棒极了！
Now! —— 现在就做！

Objection! —— 我抗议！
Outrageous! —— 不得了！
Pardon! —— 请再说一遍！
Perfect! —— 很完美！
Please! —— 拜托了！
Present! —— 到(有)！(用于点名时)
Probably! —— 很可能！

Rats! —— 差劲！
Really? —— 真的？
Relax! —— 放轻松！
Right! —— 对的！

Satisfied? —— 满意吗？
Shhh... —— 嘘...
So so! —— 马马虎虎！
Someday! —— 改天吧！
Speaking! —— (打电话时)我就是！
Still? —— 仍是这样？
Stingy! —— 小气鬼！
Stop! —— 停！
Superb! —— 棒极了！
Sure! —— 当然！
Surprise! —— 给你一个惊喜！

Terrible! —— 好可怕！
Thirsty? —— 渴吗！
Toast! —— 干杯！
Try! —— 去试一下！

Unbelievable! —— 难以置信！
Understand? —— 明不明白？
Unisex? —— 男女通用的？

Wait! —— 等一等！
Well? —— 怎么样？
Willingly—— 很乐意！
Wow! —— 哇！

Yum... —— 恩...(好吃！)

Imagine! —— 想想看！
Impossible! —— 不可能吧！
Impressive! —— 很感人，永生难忘！

i like to share my understanding with you about learning english. no matter which skill you want to emphasize, there is only one way to achieve that.  this is what i call to know and to practice.

1. to know what?

A. knowing reading is the first step if one wants to improve his/her english. the correct way to enhance our english 4 skills starts from reading. in this case, “READ RIGHT” is a very important goal.

for instances, when first time encountering a word, phrase, or sentence, try to spell and read them correctly. many people keep making mistakes on the same issue because they have their mind set from the beginning. and it is very hard to change later, such as wrong pronunciations, incorrect usages, etc...   so when you learn a new word, try your best to spell it out loud and carefully pronounce it. If you are not sure about the pronunciation, go check or ask it.

B. when practicing reading skills, there are three groups of objects to approach:
a. the meaningful paragraphs:  these are too large to be easily handled.
b. sentences:
c. and words: from our experience we all know reciting vocabularies alone is not going to help us. i have seen so many people reciting vocabularies and when it comes to time of using them, they know a little.

thus, knowing sentence level reading skill practice is the stage where we start from.  for the past 27 years of teaching, i have developed a way to do this. and i call it "sentence structure analysis."  this is not new to english learners.  based on the sentence you have, try to break it down to different parts of speech, such as subject nouns, verbs, and object nouns, adjectives, adverbs.  analyze about 10 sentences a day. by analyzing the sentence structure correctly, one can improve his/her reading skill within one month even s/he does not necessarily know the meaning of all words in a sentence.  also through this practice, you learn the usages of words or phrases.

C. after this practice, then what?

during the time of practicing "READ RIGHT," one can also apply the usages and knowledge learnt from reading in writing.  start to write simple sentences with subject + verb + object.  write nothing more other than those three. complicated sentence writing will not necessarily bring you to high level of writing skill.  write short but right is our emphasis.

Know that you can write right based on the skills and technologies learnt from read right.

D. then what?

a. do your best to turn on english programs from tv, radio, or any other device which will make you a simulated english environment.  it is not necessary for you to understand all contents coming from that program at this stage.  by doing this, you are getting your ears familiar with the wave and tone of english expressions.  thus, english music is not as good as cartoons, news broadcastings, soap operas, etc.  the only requirement is the correct english pronunciation for those you are listening.  let it play as long as you can even if you are not paying attention to it.

b. the second stage of listening skill practice combines the skills of reading and listening by recording and playing what you are reading.  if there are tapes or cds to go with the materials you are reading, play them before, while, and after you do all careful analysis on what you are reading.  if there is no tape or cd, just read and record slowly your own.  you can record from those with better pronunciations and those who are willing to help you.  read slowly but clearly.  Please play them even you are about to go to sleep.  "let it play from time to time" is the key.  continuing playing and listening to meaningful materials will be a way to help your skills of listening and speaking.  remember, at this stage, you will do your best to understand all what you are listening.

2. to practice

there is no short cut in english skills improving.  practice is the only way.  but please practice correctly.  otherwise, you are wasting your time and/or others.  if you just keep talking nonsense and this will not help at all.  there are only two inputs in these 4 skills, listening and reading.  one has to have meaningful inputs in order for her/him to have meaningful outputs.  remember, one has to read and listen to meaningful sentences then these will help her/his writing and speaking skills later.

to practice those i mentioned above takes very short time.  do sentence structure analysis with simple and short sentences in the beginning.  after doing a few times, your confidence will be built up.  then go pick up any sentence or more from any magazine or article, even writings with non- understandable subjects, or those in weird fields with difficult vocabularies, and do the analysis accordingly.

once you get to know this very well, you can start write things according to the same principle.  and add more and more words, phrases, or clauses to the sentences you are writing.  then, your writing skill is improved.

remember: DON'T GIVE UP.  find one or two friends to do this together. have fun.  this practice costs you nothing.  i see so many people complainning about the cost of those english teaching programs.

will you please stop saying my english is not good and do nothing to help.  from what I said above, it takes less time but gain the highest benefit if you just do it.  this is the way to reach the goal of improving your 4 skills in english. to know and to practice! again, try mine and through which, you gain the most in the shortest time. trust me, friends. all my students and student teachers who practice and/or teach this find it beneficial.  many get high scores in toefl and other english tests within a very short time.

REMEMBER: the sequence is reading, writing, listening, then speaking.  don't waste your time and money finding short cuts other than this.  all materials are good as long as you use it right.  these are my sincerest advices.

英文简历撰写宝典

求职宝典－－说明教育程度 Stating Your Education

这么多，不容易啊 ，各位看着来吧~

1、Useful Courses for English-teaching include: Psychology, teaching methodology,phonetics, rhetoric, grammar, composition.

对英语教学有用的课程包括：心理学、教学方法论、语音学、修辞学、语法、写作。

2、Specialized courses pertaining to foreign trade: Marketing principles, international marketing, practical English correspondence and telecommunications, foreign exchange, business English.

和外贸相关的专门课程：市场学原理、国际营销学、实用英语函电、外汇兑换、商务英语。

3、Courses taken that would be useful for computer programming are: Computer science, systems design and analysis, FORTRAN programming, PASCAL programming, operating systems, systems management.

对计算机编程有用的课程有：计算机学、系统设计与分析、FORTRAN编程学、PASCAL编程学、操作系统、系统管理。

4、Academic preparation for management: Management: Principles of management, organization theory, behavioral science. Communication: Business communication, personnel management, human relations. Marketing: Marketing theory, sales management.

大学时为管理所做的学术准备： 管理学：管理学原理、组织理论、行为学。交际学：商务交际、人事管理、人际关系。市场学：市场学理论、营销管理。

5、Curriculum included: Electric power systems, 90; Signal processing, 88; Systems and control, 92; Electric energy systems, 92; Solid-state electronics, 88; Communications, 94

课程包括：电力系统，90分；讯号处理，88分；系统控制，92分；电力能源系统，92分；固体电子学，88分；通讯，94分。

6、Major courses contributing to management qualification: Management, accounting, economics, marketing, sociology.

对管理资格有帮助的主要课程：管理学、会计学、经济学、市场学、社会学。

7、Courses completed: History of mass communication, 88; China's communication history, 92; Media research, 90; Public opinion, 92; Conceptual analysis, 88; Content analysis, 90; Advertising, 92; New media technology, 94.

所修课程：大众传播史，88分；中国传播史，92分；媒体研究，90分；舆论学，92分；概念分析，88分；内容分析，90分；广告学，92分；新媒体方法，94分。

8、Courses in industrial designs and related field: Dynamic systems, 执行uation and management of designs, systems and control, ergonomics, tensile structures, structural analysis, computer-aided design, applied mechanics.

工业设计及其相关领域的课程：动力系统、设计评估与管理、系统控制、人类工程学、张力结构、结构分析、计算机辅助设计、应用力学。

9、Among the pertinent courses I have taken are: office administration, secretarial procedures, business communication, psychology, data-processing, typing, shorthand.

在相关的课程中我修过的有：办公室管理、秘书程序、商务交际、心理学、资料处理、打字、速记。

10、Majored in banking. Courses covered are as follows: Banking operations, 89; banking and computers, 90; loans, 92; letters of credit, 90; savings, 88; foreign exchange, 92; telegraphic transfers, 90; remittances, 94; financial systems in the west, 92.

主修金融学。涉及的课程有如下几门：银行业务，89分；银行与计算机，90分；贷款，92分；信用证，90分；储蓄，88分；外汇兑换，92分；电汇，90分；汇款，94分；西方金融制度，92分。

求职宝典－－说明应聘职位 Stating Your Job Objective

1、A responsible administrative position which will provide challenge and freedom where I can bring my initiative and creativity into full play.

负责管理的职位，该职位将提供挑战和自由，使我能充分发挥我的进取精神及创造能力。

2、An 执行utive assistant position utilizing interests, training and experience in office administration.

行政助理的职位，能运用办公室管理方面的兴趣，训练与经验。

3、A position in management training programs with the eventual goal of participating in the management rank of marketing.

管理培训计划方面的职位。最终目标在参与市场管理层。

4、An entry-level position in sales. Eventual goal; manager of marketing department.

销售方面的初级职位。最终目标：销售部门的经理。

5、A position requiring analytical skills in the financial or investment field.

财务或投资领域需运用分析技巧的职务。

6、To begin as an accounting trainee and eventually become a manager.

从当会计见习开始，最后成为经理。

7、An entry-level position in an accounting environment, which ultimately leads to financial management.

会计部门的初级职务，最后能够管理财务。

8、A position as data-processing manager that will enable me to use my knowledge of computer systems.

资料处理经理的职务，能保证我运用电脑系统的知识。

1. you look great today.（你今天看上去很棒。）【每天都可以用！】
2. you did a good job. （你干得非常好。）【国际最通用的表扬！】
3. we're so proud of you.（我们十分为你骄傲。）【最高级的表扬！】
4. i'm very pleased with your work.（我对你的工作非常满意。）【正式、真诚的赞扬！】
5. this is really a nice place.（这真是个好地方！）【随口就说、但效果很好的表扬！】
6. you're looking sharp!（你看上去真精神/真棒/真漂亮。）【与众不同的表扬！】
7. you always know the right thing to say. = 8. you're very eloquent.（你总是说话得体。）【高层次的表扬！】
9. nice going! = you did a good job.（干得好！）【极其地道的表扬！】
10. the food is delicious.（好吃！）【最普通、但非常重要的表扬！】
11. everything tastes great.（每样东西都很美味！）
12. your son/daughter is so cute.（你的孩子很可爱。）【外国人绝对喜欢听的表扬！】 13. what an adorable baby!（多么可爱的孩子。）【只管大胆用！】
14. i admire your work. = 15. i respect your work.（我对你的工作表示敬意。）【世界通用！】
16. you've got a great personality.（你的个性很好。）【一个非常安全的表扬！】
17. you have a good sense of humor.（你真幽默。）【美国人极其喜欢的表扬！】
18. your chinese is really surprising.（你的中文令人惊讶。）【绝对和其他人不一样的表扬！】
19. your english is incredible.（我真不敢相信你的英语。）【用了六星级形容词！】 20. you have a very successful business.（你的事业很成功。）【现代人非常喜欢听！】
21. you're very professional.（你非常专业。）【专业化的表扬！】
22. your company is very impressive.（你的公司给我留下深刻印象。）
23. you're so smart.（你非常聪明。）
24. i envy you very much.（我非常羡慕你。）
25. your wife is very charming.（你的妻子很有魅力！）
26. you two make a lovely couple.（你们真是天生的一对！）
27. you're really talented.（你很有天赋。）
28. you look nice in that color.（你穿那种颜色很好看。）
29. you have a good taste.（你很有品位。）
30. you look like a million dollars. = you look outstanding.=you look like a movie star.（你看上去帅呆了。）

1 I’ve come to make sure that your stay in Beijing is a pleasant one.
　　我特地为你们安排使你们在北京的逗留愉快。
　　2 You’re going out of your way for us, I believe.
　　我相信这是对我们的特殊照顾了。
　　3 It’s just the matter of the schedule,that is,if it is convenient of you right now.
　　如果你们感到方便的话，我想现在讨论一下日程安排的问题。
　　4 I think we can draw up a tentative plan now.
　　我认为现在可以先草拟一具临时方案。
　　5 If he wants to make any changes,minor alternations can be made then.
　　如果他有什么意见的话，我们还可以对计划稍加修改。
　　6 Is there any way of ensuring we’ll have enough time for our talks?
　　我们是否能保证有充足的时间来谈判？
　　7 So our evenings will be quite full then?
　　那么我们的活动在晚上也安排满了吗？
　　8 We’ll leave some evenings free,that is,if it is all right with you.
　　如果你们愿意的话，我们想留几个晚上供你们自由支配。
　　9 We’d have to compare notes on what we’ve discussed during the day.
　　我们想用点时间来研究讨论一下白天谈判的情况。
　　10 That’ll put us both in the picture.
　　这样双方都能了解全面的情况。
　　11 Then we’d have some ideas of what you’ll be needing
　　那么我们就会心中有点儿数，知道你们需要什么了。
　　12 I can’t say for certain off-hand.
　　我还不能马上说定。
　　13 Better have something we can get our hands on rather than just spend all our time talking.
　　有些实际材料拿到手总比坐着闲聊强。
　　14 It’ll be easier for us to get down to facts then.
　　这样就容易进行实质性的谈判了。
　　15 But wouldn’t you like to spend an extra day or two here?
　　你们不愿意在北京多待一天吗？
　　16 I’m afraid that won’t be possible,much as we’d like to.
　　尽管我们很想这样做，但恐怕不行了。
　　17 We’ve got to report back to the head office.
　　我们还要回去向总部汇报情况呢。
　　18 Thank you for you cooperation.
　　谢谢你们的合作。
　　19 We’ve arranged our schedule without any trouble.
　　我们已经很顺利地把活动日程安排好了。
　　20 Here is a copy of itinerary we have worked out for you and your friends.Would you please have a look at it?
　　这是我们为你和你的朋友拟定的活动日程安排。请过目一下，好吗？
　　21 If you have any questions on the details， feel free to ask.
　　如果对某些细节有意见的话，请提出来。
　　22 I can see you have put a lot of time into it.
　　我相信你在制定这个计划上一定花了不少精力吧。
　　23 We really wish you’ll have a pleasant stay here.
　　我们真诚地希望你们在这里过得愉快。
　　24 I wonder if it is possible to arrange shopping for us.
　　我想能否在我们访问结束时为我们安排一点时间购物。
　　25 Welcome to our factory.
　　欢迎到我们工厂来。
　　26 I’ve been looking forward to visiting your factory.
　　我一直都盼望着参观贵厂。
　　27 You’ll know our products better after this visit.
　　参观后您会对我们的产品有更深的了解。
　　28 Maybe we could start with the Designing Department.
　　也许我们可以先参观一下设计部门。
　　29 Then we could look at the production line.
　　然后我们再去看看生产线。
　　30 These drawings on the wall are process sheets.
　　墙上的图表是工艺流程表。
　　31 They describe how each process goes on to the next.
　　表述着每道工艺间的衔接情况。
　　32 We are running on two shifts.
　　我们实行的工作是两班倒。
　　33 Almost every process is computerized.
　　几乎每一道工艺都是由电脑控制的。
　　34 The efficiency is greatly raised,and the intensity of labor is decreased.
　　工作效率大大地提高了，而劳动强度却降低了。
　　35 All produets have to go through five checks in the whole process.
　　所有产品在整个生产过程中得通过五道质量检查关。
　　36 We believe that the quality is the soul of an enterprise.
　　我们认为质量是一个企业的灵魂。
　　37 Therefore,we always put quality as the first consideration.
　　因而，我们总是把质量放在第一位来考虑。
　　38 Quality is even more important than quantity.
　　质量比数量更为重要。
　　39 I hope my visit does not cause you too much trouble.
　　我希望这次来参观没有给你们增添太多的麻烦。
　　40 Do we have to wear the helmets?
　　我们得戴上防护帽吗？
　　41 Is the production line fully automatic?
　　生产线是全自动的吗？
　　42 What kind of quality control do you have?
　　你们用什么办法来控制质量呢？
　　43 All products have to pass strict inspection before they go out.
　　所有产品出厂前必须要经过严格检查。
　　44 What’s your general impression,may I ask?
　　不知您对我们厂总的印象如何？
　　45 I’m impressed by your approach to business.
　　你们经营业务的方法给我留下了很深的印象。
　　46 The product gives you an edge over your competitors,I guess.
　　我认为你们的产品可以使你们胜过竞争对手。
　　47 No one can match us so far as quality is concerned.
　　就质量而言，没有任何厂家能和我们相比。
　　48 I think we may be able to work together in the future.
　　我想也许将来我们可以合作。
　　49 We are thinking of expanding into the Chinese market.
　　我们想把生意扩大到中国市场。
　　50 The purpose of my coming here is to inquire about possibilities of establishing trade relations with your company.
　　我此行的目的正是想探询与贵公司建立贸易关系的可能性。
　　51 We would be glad to start business with you.
　　我们很高兴能与贵公司建立贸易往来。
　　52 I’d appreciate your kind consideration in the coming negotiation.
　　洽谈中请你们多加关照。
　　53 We are happy to be of help.
　　我们十分乐意帮助。
　　54 I can assure you of our close cooperation.
　　我保证通力合作。
　　55 Would it be possible for me to have a closer look at your samples?
　　可以让我参观一下你们的产品陈列室吗？
　　56 It will take me several hours if I really look at everything.
　　如果全部参观的话，那得需要好几个小时。
　　57 You may be interested in only some of the items.
　　你也许对某些产品感兴趣。
　　58 I can javance at the rest.
　　剩下的部分我粗略地看一下就可以了。
　　59 They’ve met with great favor home and abroad.
　　这些产品在国内外很受欢迎。
　　60 All these articles are best selling lines.
　　所有这些产品都是我们的畅销货。
　　61 Your desire coincides with ours.
　　我们双方的愿望都是一致的。
　　62 No wonder you’re so experienced.
　　怪不得你这么有经验。
　　63 Textile business has become more and more difficult since the competition grew.
　　随着竞争的加剧，纺织品贸易越来越难做了。
　　64 Could I have your latest catalogues or something that tells me about your company?
　　可以给我一些贵公司最近的商品价格目录表或者一些有关说明资料吗？
　　65 At what time can we work out a deal?
　　我们什么时候洽谈生意？
　　66 I hope to conclude some business with you.
　　我希望能与贵公司建立贸易关系。
　　67 We also hope to expand our business with you.
　　我们也希望与贵公司扩大贸易往来。
　　68 This is our common desire.
　　这是我们的共同愿望。
　　69 I think you probably know China has adopted a flexible policy in her foreign trade.
　　我想你也许已经了解到中国在对外贸易中采取了灵活的政策。
　　70 I’ve read about it,but I’d like to know more about it.
　　我已经知道了一点儿，但我还想多了解一些。
　　71 Seeing is believing.
　　百闻不如一见。
　　72 I would like to present our comments in the following order.
　　我希望能依照以下的顺序提出我们的看法。
　　73 First of all, I will outline the characteristics of our product.
　　首先我将简略说明我们商品的特性。
　　74 When I present my views on the competitive products, I will refer to the patent situation.
　　专利的情况会在说明竞争产品时一并提出。
　　75 Please proceed with your presentation.
　　请开始你的简报。
　　76 Yes, we have been interested in new system.
　　是的，我们对新系统很感兴趣。
　　77 Has your company done any research in this field?
　　请问贵公司对此范畴做了任何研究吗？
　　78 Yes, we have done a little. But we have just started and have nothing to show you.
　　有，我们做了一些，但是因为我们才刚起步，并没有任何资料可以提供给你们。
　　79 If you are interested, I will prepare a list of them.
　　如果您感兴趣的话，我可以列表让你参考。
　　80 By the way, before leaving this subject, I would like to add a few comments.
　　在结束这个问题之前顺便一提，我希望能再提出一些看法。

whats your asl? 你的，年龄，性别，地点？ (聊天用的)
how are you doing (or: how you doiin) 你好。
whats up 什么事？ 或是： 你好
lol 大笑 = laugh out loud
so long 一般不用它。。。意思是：再见
what are you into?(what you into) 你对什么感兴趣？
Im into you. 我喜欢你
Im into.... 我喜欢。。。 对。。。赶兴趣
wanna want to 和 wanted to 的省写
gonna going to 的省写。 不是 went to 的啊！
gay 同性恋（男） 有的美国男孩不喜欢与同性的人聊。
prick , dick , cock 骂人的。意思是，几吧
asshole 屁眼
pussy 逼
fuck 混蛋 或 性交
bitch 婊 子
mother fucker 连妈都FUCK的人
blowjob 非常恶心的性行为。不解释了就
suck 恶心
fuck off 滚
idiot 傻蛋
hip hop , rock, rap,pop, 说唱，摇滚，说唱，流行歌
bah bye 再见
hot ,sexy ，goat 色鬼
what are you up to(what you up to) 最近怎么样
butt, ass 屁股
shut up . shut the hell up , shut the fuck up. 闭嘴
cuss , abuse 骂人
cut the crap 别废话
beat the shit out of you 把你的屎打出来
bullshit. 胡说
sit back 别管闲事儿
feel shit about oneself 感觉不爽
cool 酷
be good 听话
sorry ass 可怜的人，，，贬义词
kick 踢
shitty day 倒霉的一天。
oh yeah? 表示怀疑。。。。是么？
pic 照片
give it a shot. give it a go. 试一是
try me. 你试试。（A: I'll kill you B: try me) A：我杀了你。B：你试试.
do her. 上她。
be quiet 安静
what the fuck ,what the hell , what the hack, (wtf ) 真他XX的!
hobby 爱好
cute 可爱(美国人不长说“帅(handsome)" 用CUTE代替）可以说 a handsome car.
what do you look like (what you look like)你长什么样
how tall are you(how tall are ya)你多高
so what 那又怎样？？那又如何？？
cutie 可爱的人
pretty 漂亮,(指人和物) pretty girl. pretty flowers
faggot 笨蛋。同性恋
retard 听起来象烟鬼的人
d*amnit 他XX的
god d*amnit 他XX的
d*amn 妈的，倒霉！
suck 恶心（动词） you suck! 你恶心！，添
kick ass 不好惹的。
kick your ass 揍你。踢你的屁股。
a tough man 难对付的人
funny shit 有趣的东西
funny 有趣的
a piece of shit 一抛屎，
whole bunch of 一大群。一大堆
a bunch of 一群 一堆
kiss my ass 表示看不起你 ， 吻我的屁股
shit 屎 ,废话n
be pissed off 被惹恼 I've been pissed.(I've been pissed off) 我被若恼了。
piss off 滚！
dont know what you are talking about 不知道你在说什么
dont know what you were saying. 不知道你说了点什么
dont get it 不明白
get it? 明白了吗？
got it! 明白了！
dont bother 别去麻烦！
you know what Im saying? 明白我说的吗？
mad dog 疯狗。一般指人
are you mad? 你生气拉？
im mad 我生气拉！
im pretty mad at you 你真让我生气！
mad at= angry with
balls 蛋 ，是人身上的那个
pain in the ass 着急
pain in the ass about sth STH让我很急
Im scared 我怕拉
you are scared 你怕拉
back off 让开！
right on = right 对！
exactly 非常对！正是！
gotcha! = got you 抓住你拉！难住你拉！
I read your mind 我就知道你要说什么
I knew it 我料到拉！我就知道！
gotta go 我得走拉！
you know what? 你知道吗？(you know what? he killed her!) 你知道吗？他杀了她！
guess what 猜怎么了？
tell you what 。。。 我给你说啊。。。。
its not working! 不管用呀！
that works 那样可以
I rule! 有点象im cool 我牛！ 你牛是（you are cool)
kind of (kinda) sort of (sorta) 有点儿！
get me wrong 你冤枉了我！
who knows , god knows 谁知道呢！
did I make myself clear? 我是否使你明白拉？
did I make myself crystal clear? 比上边的口气重
get on it! 去做。。。把
Im just playing!=just kidding 开玩笑的
no offence(no offense) 别生气 ，（用于事先紧告）
juses 天呀！
geeze 天呀！
gosh = god 上帝呀！我的天呀！！！
I dont give a shit! 我不在乎
i dont give a fuck! 我不在乎
smart 聪明。不用clever
got disconnected 掉线拉！
got kicked 被踢拉！
got power outage 停电拉！
awesome 另人竟为的
take drug = do drug 吸毒
do weed = smoke 吸烟。
get high 过瘾的感觉
lets get high 性交
whats your number 这用法我只见过一次。你多大拉？
bi 对两性都感性去的 。
goo bi bitch 多情的对两性都感性去的婊 子
porn 黄色的
blue 黄色
fuck that! = fuck that shit 去他的吧！
jack off 手淫
do you do weed? = do you smoke 吸烟吗？
dont be so sure about yourself 别太自信！
dont be so sure about that 别太肯定
homo 同性恋的
homo sexual 同性恋的
homo fuck =fucking homo 同性恋混
mind your own business 别管闲事
none of your business 没你的事；别管闲事
thats a little stronge 有点重了。（a: fuck you bitch! b:thats a little stronge I think) a:我XXXX婊 子！b:骂的有点重了吧）
hell yeah! 可不是！太对拉！
I do whatever I like 我干我想干的
zip it 闭嘴
you wanna fight? 想吵架？
you wanna row about that? 想吵架？
you are so mean 你太没意思拉
dont be mean about that 别太没意思了啊
go ahead 可以
cell phone 手机
gal = girl
guy = boy
pee 尿尿
shit 拉屎
toilet 马桶
laptop 笔记本电脑
oops 哎幼
oops I farted again 呀！我又放了个屁
whats your connection 问你是用56K上网还是用宽带
hows your day 今天怎么样？
whore 妓 女
hookshop 妓院
tit 奶头
belly button 肚脐眼
fine 好。有时表示不满。 你可以！
cause ,because, cuz 因为
Im done 我完拉！ 或。作某事做完拉
I made it.I did it 我成功拉
dont fool me 别耍我
dont lie to me 别给我说谎
crap up 废话（im craping up)我在废话
my treat 我请客
I cant believe it 不感相信
hold on 等会儿
brb , be right back 马上回来
Im crazy about her 她使我疯狂。表示你喜欢她。
she makes me sick 她使我恶心
native american 纯美国人
what about it 。。。。怎么样？(a:I've got a new CD.b:what about it?)A： 我又弄拉一盘CD 。B：那CD怎么样？
huh 有点象（是吧） so you 've got a new CD huh? 你买了一盘CD 是吧！
huh??? 什么？（单独用的）
kiddie 小孩儿
doggie ｓｔｙｌｅ 象狗一样的方式。
son 小孩儿
sonny 小孩儿
loser 笨蛋
incompetent loser 无能的笨蛋
okie dokie , oky doky = ok
punk 废物
wanker 手淫者
that isnt funny 不可笑， 不怪
dont get funny with me 别无理
where are you located? 你在哪？
where is china situated? 中国在那？
moron 笨蛋
stupid 笨蛋
a stream of cuss 一顿骂
a stream of abuse 一顿骂
dont get smart with me 别耍花样
dont fuck with me 别他吗的捣乱
suck up to somebody 拍马屁
darn d*amn 的婉转行试
what does that mean? 什么意思？
whats your problem? 你怎么了你？（用于指责）
come on 快，来嘛~~，别那样了，
come on man 来呗！
lmaf , laugh my ass off 非常可笑
ridiculous 可笑的（贬义词）
go to bed! 滚开！
dumbass 笨蛋
stick my foot right up your ass 踢你的屁股，揍你。
why did you put on this nickname? (why you put on this namenick?) 为什么用这个名字呢？（不是指你的真名，是聊天时的 user name)
jackass 蠢货
hold the(your) breath 等等（是让你先闭嘴的意思）
pants 裤子
mall 超市 = supermarket
an awesome big promise 很大的诺言
thats your problem 那时你的事，是你自己的问题
how in the world can he do it to me 他怎么能这样对我呢！
I have to think about it 我得考liu 考 liu
so so 一般
Im too little = Im too young 我太小拉
so 那么，那，所以
fuck up ...被搞杂拉,不管用拉，...不好看(my computer is fucked up) 我的电脑坏拉，不运行拉。you've got a fucked up ass.你的屁股不好看。fuck you up 让你吃不消
get a flat tyre 车轮跑气
bite me 狠我把。（用得意的语气）
weird 怪的
just chilling(just chillin') 休息 （用于回答或解释）
pimp 恶棍。
the other day 前几天
can you handle this? 你行吗？
get into such a mess 这么不幸（指遇到了困难的事）
such a dick 混蛋
show 节目
are you going to the movies? 你打算去看电影吗？
album 专集
evil 特别坏的。evil man 坏人
you dont have to say nothing 不需要说什么
you aint nothing 你什么也不是
aint = arent
he runs a candy store 他开了一个糖果店
candy 糖。。。不要用sweet
badass 坏蛋
you are sweet 你真好
you are such a sweetie 你真是个甜心儿
do me a favour 帮帮忙
I've got a favour for you to do 要你帮个忙
boot you off 把你踢出聊天室
chatroom 聊天室 ，不是chatting room啊
booter 踢人者
Im a badass 我是个坏人
get beat up 挨了一顿打，被打了
hang out 出外玩儿
hang out with 与...出去玩
its up to you 看你了
it depends 那要看看了。
son of a bitch 婊 子养的
I have no clue,I dont know,I have no Idea 不知道
注意回答别人的 thanks 时用No Problem.或welcome, you are welcome. （你替我揍了x一顿，然后我说thanks,你答No problem.）（我借了你钱，你说thanks,我说welcome.) 出了力后回答谢谢用no problem.
do I know you? = do I have the pleasure of knowing you? 我认识你吗？
you have a nice attitude huh 你架子摆的不错呀
watch your language! 注意你的语言！
watch it! 注意！
look! = hey 嘿！
that makes me feel sleepy 那东西让我想睡觉。
black folks =nigger 黑人 ,用black people 也行
white folks 白人 , 用white people 也行
黄种人不能说 yellow folks 说 chinese就可以拉
gotta go do something 要去干某事拉
that is my fine girl 那是我漂亮的女友
she is fine. 她很好看
she is fine. 她身体很好，或人品不错
cant take it 招架不住，受不了
freak =weird 怪的。
freaky boy 怪男孩
pop up 突然弹出的东西，网夜等自动弹出的动作,或指弹出的网叶
hook up hook up the mic 插上麦克风 hook up some tickets for somebody 给....免费准备一些票.
computer freak 非常喜欢电脑得人，精通电脑得人
dumbass = stupid
sorry ass 可怜人
shoot 说吧
she's real cute 她真的很可爱，，与really cute 不一样
faggot = stupid = fag
fag = gay 同性恋的人
dont be like a kid 别向小孩一样
grow up 别向小孩一样
PM 下午 从中午12到晚上12
AM 上午 从午夜12点到中午12
be off 走开
be quick 快！
hurry 快！
hurry up 快！

LOVELY ENGLISH------美国人日常生活中常用的五星级句子
1. After you. 你先请。
这是一句很常用的客套话，在进／出门,上车得场合你都可以表现一下。

2. I just couldn’t help it. 我就是忍不住。
想想看，这样一个漂亮的句子可用于多少个场合？
下面是随意举的一个例子：
I was deeply moved by the film and I cried and cried. I just couldn’t help it.

3. Don’t take it to heart. 别往心里去，别为此而忧虑伤神。
生活实例：
This test isn’t that important. Don’t take it to heart.

4. We’d better be off. 我们该走了。
It’s getting late. We’d better be off .

5. Let’s face it. 面对现实吧。
常表明说话人不愿意逃避困难的现状。
参考例句：I know it’s a difficult situation. Let’s face it, OK?

6. Let’s get started. 咱们开始干吧。
劝导别人时说：Don’t just talk. Let’s get started.

7. I’m really dead. 我真要累死了。
坦诚自己的感受时说：After all that work, I’m really dead.

8. I’ve done my best. 我已尽力了。

9. Is that so? 真是那样吗？
常用在一个人听了一件事后表示惊讶、怀疑。

10. Don’t play games with me!别跟我耍花招！

11. I don’t know for sure.我不确切知道。
Stranger： Could you tell me how to get to the town hall?
Tom: I don’t know for sure. Maybe you could ask the policeman over there.

12. I’m not going to kid you.我不是跟你开玩笑的。
Karin： You quit the job? You are kidding.
Jack: I’m not going to kid you. I’m serious.

13. That’s something. 太好了，太棒了。
A: I’m granted a full scholarship for this semester.
B: Congratulations. That’s something.

14. Brilliant idea!这主意真棒！这主意真高明！

15. Do you really mean it? 此话当真？
Michael：Whenever you are short of money, just come to me.
David: Do you really mean it?

16. You are a great help.你帮了大忙

17. I couldn’t be more sure. 我再也肯定不过。

18. I am behind you.我支持你。
A: Whatever decision you’re going to make, I am behind you.

19. I’m broke.我身无分文。

20. Mind you!请注意！听着！(也可仅用Mind。)
模范例句：Mind you! He’s a very nice fellow though bad-tempered.

21. You can count on it.你尽管相信好了，尽管放心。
A：Do you think he will come to my birthday party?
B: You can count on it.

22. I never liked it anyway.我一直不太喜欢这东西。
当朋友或同事不小心摔坏你的东西时就可以用上这句话给他一个台阶，打破尴尬局面：Oh, don’t worry. I’m thinking of buying a new one. I never liked it anyway.

23. That depends.看情况再说。
例：I may go to the airport to meet her. But that depends.
　Congratulations.恭喜你，祝贺你。

24. Thanks anyway.无论如何我还是得谢谢你。
当别人尽力要帮助你却没帮成时，你就可以用这个短语表示谢意。

25. It’s a deal.一言为定
Harry： Haven’t seen you for ages. Let’s have a get-together next week.
Jenny: It’s a deal